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Scoped Twitch Sub Count

Introduction

This guide describes how to use Twitch Authentication to enable your application to take actions on behalf of a Twitch account or access certain data about users’ accounts. The preferred method of authentication is OAuth. We use parts of the OAuth 2.0 protocol.

In addition to OAuth, Twitch supports OIDC (OpenID Connect) for a more secure OAuth 2.0 flow. OIDC tokens are compatible with services built for OIDC compliance, such as Cognito by Amazon Web Services.

Authentication involves:

1. Registering your app to obtain a client ID and client secret.
2. Getting a token. This includes specifying scopes, the permissions your app requires.
3. Sending the token in your API request, to authenticate API requests.

Code samples are available for Go and Node.js.

Warning: Treat your token like a password. For example, never use access tokens in any public URL, and never display tokens on any web page without requiring a click to de-obfuscate.

Validating requests

If you use Twitch authentication for login purposes only, access tokens should be validated on a recurring interval. Periodic validation of previously issued OAuth tokens ensures that users who authorized your application have not decided to disconnect the integration.

You must validate access tokens before making API requests which perform mutations on or access sensitive information of users, if it has been more than one hour since the last validation.

Twitch periodically conducts audits. If we discover an application that is not re-validating access tokens (that is, an application that validates only for login and not thereafter), we will reach out and work with developers to resolve the issue. If the issue is not resolved, we may take punitive action, such as revoking the developer’s API key or throttling the application’s performance.

Validation is important because of how OAuth access tokens work and the end user’s expectation of OAuth session control. For example, users who opt to disconnect your integration from their Twitch accounts can do so from their account settings on Twitch. When a user disconnects from an integration, all OAuth tokens between that user and that integration are invalidated. In this scenario, the expectation is that OAuth tokens are tied to sessions on third-party services; as such, any existing sessions between the disconnected user and those services also should be invalidated.

When validating each of your requests, submit a request to the validation endpoint (https://id.twitch.tv/oauth2/validate) with your OAuth token in the header. If you are authenticated, the response includes the status of your token. A successful response indicates that your access token is valid.

Here is a sample request:

And here is a sample response:

Registration

To make an application that uses the Twitch API, you first need to register your application on the Twitch developer site. When creating this app, enter your redirect URI, which is where your users are redirected after being authorized. You can provide several redirect URIs, for example, if you wish to use the same client for different environments.

Once you create a developer application, you are assigned a client ID. Some authentication flows also require a client secret, which you can generate on the same page as the client ID.

• Client IDs are public and can be shared (for example, embedded in the source of a Web page).
• Client secrets are equivalent to a password for your application and must be kept confidential. Never expose it to users, even in an obscured form.

Because your client secret is confidential, we cannot show it to you once you leave the page, so make sure to record it somewhere safe. Also, generating a new client secret immediately invalidates the current one, which might make your API requests fail until your app is updated.

Warning:Client IDs should be unique for each application: do not re-use client IDs across multiple applications. Also, applications should request the appropriate scopes for the intended target APIs. Failure to adhere to these guidelines may result in the suspension of your application’s access to the Twitch API.

Types of tokens

Twitch supports several types of tokens:

User access tokens and app access tokens are both bearer tokens. “Bearer” comes from the authorization header; see Sending User Access and App Access Tokens.

Getting tokens

The domain dedicated to Twitch authentication is https://id.twitch.tv.

Note: URLs have been updated to replace https://api.twitch.tv/kraken with https://id.twitch.tv. Code that uses the old kraken domain for Twitch authentication will continue to work until the removal of Twitch API v. 5 functionality. Twitch API v. 5 is currently deprecated.

We support several authentication flows:

The procedure you should use to get tokens depends on the type(s) of tokens you want:

For security purposes, examples in these sections use a fake access token, 0123456789abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ.

Sending user access and app access tokens

When an API request requires authentication, send the access token as a header. The header differs, depending on which API you use:

In the Twitch API:
curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer <access token>' https://api.twitch.tv/helix/

In Twitch API v5 (deprecated ):
curl -H 'Authorization: OAuth <access token>' https://api.twitch.tv/kraken/

Revoking access tokens

To clean up previously obtained access tokens, use the Twitch OAuth token-revocation endpoint. The implementation follows the OAuth standard.

On your server, revoke an access token by making this request:

For example, using our previously authenticated user, the request is:

This request also works for app access tokens. To revoke the app access token we created previously, make this request:

Successful requests return 200 OK with no body. Requests with invalid tokens return 400 Bad Request with an “Invalid token” message in the body of the response.

Malformed requests return 400 Bad Request, along with information about how to fix the request, typically reminding the requester to include the client_id.

Refreshing access tokens

New OAuth2 access tokens have expirations. Token-expiration periods vary in length, based on how the token was acquired. Tokens return an expires_in field indicating how long the token should last. However, you should build your applications in such a way that they are resilient to token authentication failures. In other words, an application capable of refreshing tokens should not need to know how long a token will live. Rather, it should be prepared to deal with the token becoming invalid at any time.

To allow for applications to remain authenticated for long periods in a world of expiring tokens, we allow for sessions to be refreshed, in accordance with the guidelines in “Refreshing an Access Token” in the OAuth2 RFC. Generally, refresh tokens are used to extend the lifetime of a given authorization.

Note: App access tokens and ID tokens cannot be refreshed.

How to refresh

To refresh a token, you need an access token/refresh token pair coming from a body. For example:

You also need the client_id and client_secret used to generate the above access token/refresh token pair

To refresh, use this request:

There are several required parameters and one optional parameter:

Example:

Here is a sample response on success. It contains the new access token, refresh token, and scopes associated with the new grant. Your application should then update its record of the refresh token to be the value provided in this response, as the refresh token may change between requests.

Here is the body of an unsuccessful response:

When a user changes their password or disconnects an app, we delete all tokens for that user. Both refresh and access tokens for that user will return 401Unauth.

Refresh in response to server rejection for bad authentication

We recommend that you refresh your tokens in response to being rejected by the server for bad authentication. It is good practice to assume that your access token can expire or be revoked at any time, and refreshing reactively ensures that your application is prepared to deal with such situations as gracefully as possible. For this reason, refreshing in response to server rejection is preferable to refreshing proactively, on a fixed schedule.

When you make a request with expired or incorrect authorization credentials, the API returns a 401 Unauthorized status:

On seeing a 401 error, an application should try to refresh the session if a refresh token is present. If the refresh fails, the application should re-prompt the end user with another authentication dialog via the standard OAuth 2 flow.

Handling token refreshes in an application

We recommend that you do access-token refreshes synchronously with respect to all consumers of a given access token. That is, do not send multiple, simultaneous refresh requests for the same token. Send one refresh request, then redistribute the new token that is returned from that request to all consumers, as appropriate.

The API limits the number of active access tokens associated with a given refresh token. The limit is 50 token per client/user (that is, a user can only have 50 tokens live at a time per client ID). If multiple threads sharing the same authorization were to simultaneously refresh, some of them might not have working credentials at the end of the refresh. Synchronizing on the refresh operation prevents the application from inadvertently overrunning its limit.

Scopes

As mentioned above, when you request authorization from users, the URL scope parameter allows you to specify which permissions your app requires. These scopes are tied to the access token you receive on successful authorization. Multiple scopes can be specified when requesting an OAuth or OIDC token. Without specifying scopes, your app can access only basic information about the authenticated user.

Scopes are specified as a space-separated list in the URL scope parameter, when requesting authorization:

&scope=user:edit%20user:read:email

Ask only for the permissions you need, as users can view each requested permission when authorizing your app.

No scopes are needed when requesting app access tokens.

Twitch API

The table below is a comprehensive list of the available scopes for the Twitch API. To see a comprehensive of all Twitch API endpoints, including those that do not require scopes, refer to the Twitch API reference.

Legacy Twitch API v5

Scoped On Twitch

With the deprecation of Twitch API v5, the scopes below have been mapped to Twitch API scopes for an easier migration between versions. You can find this mapping and information about equivalent endpoints on the Twitch API Migration Guide.

Chat and PubSub

Scoped Twitch Stats